Electromagnetic radiation influences the transmittance of a glass depending on glass type and the wavelength of radiation. The influence of visible and UV radiation (less than 380 nm wavelength) on glass is called solarization. The UV radiation generates color-centers in the glass leading to a reduced transmittance.
The transmittance of optical glass is measured using double beam spectral photometers from the company Perkin Elmer with special modifications. The standard setup enables to measure within a wavelength region from 250 nm up to 2500 nm. The measurement accuracy over the complete spectrum is about ±0.5%.
The light continues to penetrate the material in a directed manner. As the scattering power increases, the directional component of the transmitted light becomes increasingly smaller until, in the case of complete scattering, only diffuse light is emitted. When transmitted through frosted glass, directional light becomes diffuse.
The transmitted beam has the intensity I=Ii(1-r). These formulas give the following relation: The beam reflected at the exit surface returns to the entrance surface and is divided into a transmitted and a reflected part. With multiple reflections taken into account, the transmittance of the glass plate is:
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